HVAC (Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning)

HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning — the collective systems that control temperature, humidity, and air quality in occupied spaces. In the Indian office context, heating is rarely a primary concern; the dominant loads are cooling (dealing with solar gain, occupancy heat, and equipment) and fresh air ventilation.

Office HVAC configurations vary by building type: central chilled water systems with AHUs and FCUs are standard in Grade A buildings; VRF/VRV systems are common in smaller premises or warm shell conversions; dedicated precision cooling is required for server rooms. In a Cat B fit-out, the tenant's MEP consultant must coordinate with the landlord's base building HVAC to ensure that additional loads are served without overloading existing equipment. HVAC typically represents 30–40% of a fit-out's MEP cost.

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