Design-Bid-Build
Design-bid-build is the traditional, sequential project delivery model: the client first appoints a designer to complete full design and drawings, then issues those drawings to multiple contractors for competitive bids, and finally appoints the winning contractor to build. Design and construction are held under separate contracts with the client.
The model offers pricing transparency through competitive tendering, but introduces risk: the design may be unbuildable at the tendered price, value engineering during construction can erode design intent, and information asymmetry between designer and builder frequently leads to variations and disputes. In Indian office fit-out, the design-bid-build cycle typically adds 4–8 weeks to the programme versus design-build, and post-contract variations are materially higher on average.
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